People who suffer from migraine (read more about migraine in our article "") suffer regular bouts of unilateral throbbing moderate or severe headache, accompanied by nausea or photophobia, or sound phobia, or all of these together. These attacks usually begin after age 40, but may occur in childhood and adolescence. The frequency of seizures varies significantly in different patients. Chronic migraine is diagnosed when attacks occur more than 15 days per month.
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International criteria for migraine without aura
At least five seizures qualifying for items A-C
A. Headache attack lasts from 7 to 72 hours (without or with treatment),
b. Headache has at least two of the following characteristics:
- located on one side of the head
- has a pulsating character
- has medium or high intensity,
- exacerbated by normal physical activity
C. With pain, at least one of the following occurs:
- nausea or vomiting
- photophobia or sound sensitivity
D. No association with other diseases
In population studies, the prevalence of migraine is estimated at 10%. The disease affects women more often than men. Clearly traced important role heredity in the development of migraine.
The World Health Organization ranks migraine 19th among the diseases leading to disability.
AT recent times treatments and prevention of migraine are rapidly evolving, but patient coverage adequate treatment remains insufficient.
When should migraine prophylaxis be carried out?
There is no single approach to the problem of migraine prevention. Most experts consider appointment drug prevention if the following criteria are met:
- the quality of life, the ability to perform official duties or attend classes are significantly reduced,
- two or more migraine attacks per month
- migraine attacks are poorly stopped by the treatment prescribed to stop them,
- there is a frequent, prolonged aura that causes discomfort
The appointment of preventive treatment requires the patient to understand that its effectiveness may be reduced if misuse drugs for the relief of seizures. So analgesics should not be used more than 15 days a month, and their combinations with other drugs for stopping seizures - 10 days a month.
What are the goals of preventive treatment for migraine?
The main goal is to reduce the frequency and severity of seizures. It is important to understand that migraine is currently incurable and it is important to reduce it. adverse effect which she has on the patient's life.
An important goal of preventive treatment is to reduce the risks associated with active treatment of migraine attacks (side effects of the drugs used in this case) and the frequency of seeking medical help.
What medications are used to prevent migraines?
Beta-blockers (beta-blockers)
The efficacy of propranolol and metoprolol in preventing migraine has been studied in major studies. Propranolol has been found to be effective for short-term use, but there are no data on long-term use. The use of long-acting drugs creates convenience in the form of a single dose during the day. It is preferable to use beta-blockers in patients with increased blood pressure. Use in patients with asthma is contraindicated. Use in depression should be done with caution.
Blockers calcium channels
Some patients may benefit from common drugs in this group such as amlodipine and verapamil. Caution should be exercised in patients receiving drugs for the treatment hypertension, due to the likelihood of excessive lowering of blood pressure.
Other drugs for hypertension
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers have been studied as potential agents for the prevention of migraine attacks, although due to the lack of specific data, these drugs are regarded as second- or third-line agents in the treatment of migraine.
Studies have found that lisinopril reduces both the number of migraine days. So is its intensity.
Both of these drug classes can be alternatives to beta-blockers and calcium antagonists.
Antidepressants
The tricyclic antidepressant amitriptyline has been shown to positive effect in several randomized trials and is regarded as a first-line drug.
The dose of amitriptyline for the prevention of migraine is lower than the dose recommended for the treatment of depression and the benefit in migraine is independent of that in depression. Other tricyclic antidepressants, such as protriptyline and nortriptyline, have also been shown to be beneficial, although data for inclusion in clinical guidelines not enough yet.
When taking antidepressants, constipation and dry mouth may occur.
Effective in preventing migraine attacks and selective inhibitors serotonin reuptake (venlafaxine). These drugs may be the means of choice in patients suffering from fibromyalgia as well.
Antiepileptic drugs
Valproate and Topiramate are considered as first-line drugs in the prevention of migraine according to the data of the conducted studies. There is reason to believe that the entire class of antiepileptic drugs is well tolerated by patients with migraine and can reduce the duration, frequency and intensity of attacks. The use of Valproate should be evaluated with caution in women. childbearing age in connection with possible influence for development nervous system fetus. When using the drug, weight gain, hair loss, trembling can be observed. In turn, taking Topiramate leads to weight loss. Relative contraindication to its use are kidney stones. Topiramate is regarded as the drug of choice in patients. Taking excessive amounts of drugs to relieve migraine attacks. Lamotrigine may be helpful in preventing migraine with aura.
Nutritional supplements and herbs
Some vitamins, minerals, and herbal remedies may be used in patients who refuse regular intake medicines. Butterbur hybrid reduces the frequency of migraine attacks (according to some reports, by almost 50%). However, those who decide on herbal medicine should remember. That the leaves of this plant are carcinogenic and can only be used for treatment when processed. Coenzyme Q10 reduces the frequency of attacks, but it does not affect the severity of attacks and thus does not reduce the amount of medication taken during an attack. Data on the effectiveness of tansy maiden has not been confirmed.
Botulinum toxin A
AT last years The use of Botulinum toxin A attracts the attention of doctors. There are no exact data on the effectiveness yet, but empirical use is allowed in many countries. The drug is administered every three months in the form of injections into 31 points. Among them are the forehead, temporal muscles, suboccipital region, cervical and trapezius muscles.
Human monoclonal antibodies
It is possible that the problem of drug prevention of migraine can be completely solved by using drugs from the class of monoclonal antibodies. Possibility widespread use one such drug, erenumab (Aimovig co-developed by Amgen and Novartis), is already under review by the FDA. food products and US Drugs (FDA). Reliable data have been obtained that Aimovig significantly reduces the frequency and severity of migraine attacks by inhibiting the activity of a neuropeptide (hormone of the nervous system) encoded by the calcitonin gene.
Other drugs of this class are also on the way: eptinezumab, galcanezumab, and fremanezumab.
When should prophylactic migraine treatment be stopped?
Prophylactic treatment is discontinued in patients whose migraine attacks continue to have the same frequency, duration, and intensity. Those., preventive treatment migraine is ineffective.
In cases effective therapy, the decision to terminate it is made individually.
Many people are familiar with migraines. agonizing headache makes you forget about household chores, work and plans for the weekend. Most often, only sleep with closed curtains helps. The patient is irritated by any sounds. But the bad thing is that the attack may not go away for several days. This is a big hindrance, because most of us need to go to work under almost any circumstances. This symptom is difficult to treat, so migraine prevention drugs are a good option for most people.
General characteristics of migraine
This is neurological disease which is characterized by the development of a strong, pressing headache. Not everyone has heard of migraine prevention drugs. Usually we start thinking about pills during an attack. But with a migraine, this number will not work. Often patients complain that during an attack the stomach does not take any food or pills. Attempting to take the drug causes vomiting. It remains to use only drugs for intramuscular or intravenous injections.
Disappointing forecast
Unfortunately, there is no cure for migraines. This is complex disease, the cause of which may be a whole range of reasons, including psychological and physiological. Therefore, migraine prevention is very important. Preparations for this can be selected by a neurologist or therapist.
If we cannot cure the disease, then we need to prevent attacks, or at least make them less pronounced. To do this, you need to find out the causes of migraine and identify annoying factors. It has not yet been possible to determine the exact causes, but it is known that the disease develops against the background of constant stress, an unbalanced diet, bad habits and hormonal changes. The mechanism of the development of the disease is associated with vasodilation. Preparations for the prevention of migraine today are sold in pharmacies in large quantities, but before using them, you should definitely consult a doctor.
Smart Prevention
You can say as much as you want that you don't have enough time. But migraine attacks, especially if they are frequent, steal a lot more resources and strength from you. Reasonable prevention ensures long-term remission and excludes the development of long-term pathology. timely preventive measures help to cure the first symptoms. It should be well understood that migraine prevention drugs will not work if they are not supplemented with vitamins, topical medicines and folk remedies for headaches.
Nutrition
We are what we eat. This well-known saying becomes even more relevant if we are talking about migraines. Attacks provoke certain nutritional supplements that are included in the menu. These are not empty words, but a proven fact. That is, you can choose drugs for the prevention of migraine attacks as much as you like, but if you eat a lot of fatty and sweet, they will be ineffective.
Therefore, we begin prevention by excluding fatty meals and lots of sweets. Hard biscuits and a couple of caramels with tea are allowed, but cream cakes are best left only for the most solemn days. A large number of spices can also provoke seizures. Headaches can be caused by chocolate and smoked meats, alcohol and caffeine.
your behavior
Also very important point. As you know, migraine is a neurological disease. That is, stress and anxiety, serious stress - all this affects the frequency of seizures. This pattern is confirmed by the reviews of doctors. Migraine prophylaxis drugs have an auxiliary effect. Human behavior plays a huge role in prevention.
The patient must know what causes his seizures, and be careful. This may be a reaction to weather changes, stress or phobias. After conflict situation Sometimes no drugs help. That is it neurological problem and the first thing you need to do is calm down.
The basis of prevention is the correct daily routine. You need to work productively, but in moderation. Be sure to take breaks, switch to other things on weekends and take vacations. Sleep less than 6 hours will negate all prevention. But it is also not recommended to sleep for a long time, because it provokes headaches.
Experts recommend that you plan your day off and work as much as possible. You need to get up and go to bed at the same time. Excellent tool is an cold and hot shower, strong and very morning exercises. Need to drink more clean water so that the vessels are constantly filled with liquid.
If a person feels that the symptoms are approaching, then preventive measures no longer help. Aura symptoms, fear of lights and sounds, smells, and nausea are common. Reviews of drugs for the prevention of migraine confirm that at this moment it is too late to take something. Need to be accepted horizontal position and put it on your forehead cold compress. The best way out is to switch off from problems and eliminate annoying factors. Sometimes neurologists suggest taking an antidepressant.
Medicines for the prevention of migraine
The list should be in every home where there is a person who suffers from this disease. Please note: when the head already hurts, it is too late to drink them. And be sure to pay attention to the psycho-emotional state. Frequent exposure to stress not only provokes a headache, other organs also suffer.
If a person suffers from diabetes, this can also cause headaches. Therefore, you need to monitor the level of sugar. Overstrain mental and physical becomes the cause more often than others. In this case, resort to sedatives.
Let's take a look at the names of migraine prevention medications that can help prevent a serious attack:
- "Ibuprofen". This is one of the universal painkillers and anti-inflammatory drugs. After about 10 minutes, the medicine blocks the hormones that bring pain.
- "Aspirin". It is used for migraines with aura. It is combined with antiemetic drugs. After about 4 hours, the pain completely disappears.
- "Paracetamol". Its effectiveness cannot be called high, but in some cases it can help.
In fact, it is quite difficult to find drugs for the prevention of migraine. The names and reviews of prescribed medicines indicate that most of them can help directly to relieve or relieve an attack. Moreover, the sooner you felt his approach and took the pills, the sooner you will feel relief. If attacks are often disturbing, you should consult a doctor who will prescribe more serious and effective medications:
- Beta blockers. They are prescribed courses for the purpose of prevention. But the mechanism of action is still not clear, so it is difficult to say whether the drug really has a significant effect on the body. This medicines such as Atenolol, Metoprolol, Nadolol and others.
- Serotonin antagonists. They provoke the release of serotonin and can theoretically be used as a prophylaxis.
- Triptans. Responsible for preventing pain. That is, drugs of this group are taken at the moment when they feel the first symptoms: nausea, aura. These are Zomig, Imigran, Sumatrix. Reviews of doctors recommend these drugs as the most effective, they are not addictive and can be used for a long time.
- Hormonal drugs. Used when seizures are associated with menstrual cycle.
- Combined analgesics-antispasmodics. Combined drugs are used to treat and prevent seizures, as they immediately affect a number of symptoms. The base is paracetamol.
- Antidepressants. According to doctors, they are effective for the treatment and prevention chronic migraine. Independent uncontrolled use is highly undesirable, as it leads to mental disorders. Often prescribed drugs such as "Amitriptyline", "Venlafaxine". Of course, antidepressants have whole line side effects, but in some cases help to return to normal life.
Preventive treatment with folk remedies
This method requires more time than using tablets. But otherwise, this is a gentle way to relieve a migraine attack:
- Infusion of clover. It is effective for any headache. To prepare the infusion, you need to pour 1 tablespoon of inflorescences with a glass of boiling water. Take 1/3 cup after meals.
- Brewed in a similar way oregano relieves an already developing attack.
- Strong sweet tea is great for coping with seizures and boosting immunity.
- Menthol ointment. When applied to the temples, it increases blood circulation and relieves pain.
- Baths with sea salt. Just 15-20 minutes - and you can relax.
- Massage. Effective for early headaches.
Instead of a conclusion
We reviewed the main drugs for the prevention of migraine. The list of titles can be saved so that it is at hand at the right moment. If pain attacks occur more than twice a week, then you need to see a doctor and undergo an examination. Preventive treatment sometimes requires the appointment of quite serious vascular preparations. If you regularly take such a course, then you can avoid severe attacks. Of course, we must not forget about proper nutrition and daily routine.
Migraine is a neurological disease that most often manifests itself in severe headaches that are not caused by other causes. It deprives people of all the joys of life and exposes them to suffering and depression. But, adhering to simple rules, anyone can easily reduce the number of migraine attacks. To do this, you just need to carefully monitor your body to find out what and when provokes new attacks.
Some doctors find it helpful to prevent migraines from keeping a diary of what you ate during the day, what you drank, what the weather was like, how your body reacted to weather changes, whether you took any medications the day before and after the first migraine attack. him. As for women, they must write down on which day of the menstrual cycle severe headaches began. Such important details allow you to quickly determine what caused migraine attacks.
Sometimes migraine attacks can come out of nowhere. But in most cases, migraines are provoked by certain food ingredients, fatigue, strong external stimuli (for example, noise, bright lights). In this regard, anyone who is prone to migraines (rare or persistent) is advised to follow the tips below.
Eliminate from the dietharmful products
Migraines contribute to dark chocolate and food supplement monosodium glutamate. Doesn't cause headaches White chocolate, so if you have a weakness for sweets, you can safely eat it without worrying about your health.
Chinese dishes should be avoided because they contain a lot of additives and preservatives. Also, do not eat dry soups, vermicelli fast food, seasoning cubes and other non-natural types of seasonings, instant mashed potatoes, low-quality sausages and much more containing non-natural additives. Migraines can be provoked by citrus fruits, shellfish, cheeses (in particular, feta cheese, parmesan and mozzarella) and processed cheese. Dutch cheeses and cottage cheese do not usually cause health problems.
Replenish the body trace elements and vitamins
As a prophylaxis for migraine, it is recommended, first of all, to take magnesium in an amount of up to 500 mg per day. Some doctors believe that in order to prevent migraines, 50 mg of niacin should be ingested twice a day in the form of vitamin PP or nicotinic acid. Contain niacin in animal products ( beef liver, fish, eggs, milk, meat). It is also found in plants - potatoes, tomatoes, cornmeal, etc. Brewer's yeast or chamomile tea.
Avoid alcohol
Migraine attacks usually occur after drinking red wine, sherry and port wine. Phenolic compounds found in alcoholic beverages often cause headaches.
Avoid noise andflickering light
Avoid noisy discos, listen to music more through headphones. Shopping is best done in the morning, when shopping centers or the market are not so noisy. During the rest, carefully close the windows so that the light and street lights do not irritate.
applyfor help to specialists
In modern medicine, there are many drugs that will help get rid of pain, as well as migraine attacks. But such means for the prevention and relief of migraine should be prescribed by a specialist, since many of them can cause harm, incl. become the cause. A visit to a doctor (usually a neurologist) will make it possible to find out which medicines can be purchased at a pharmacy without a prescription, how and in what quantity they can be taken when the time comes. once more attack. If applied medications too weak, you can ask the doctor to write a prescription for stronger ones.
Choose carefullyplace to rest
It is necessary to take into account the fact that migraines are provoked by strong sun, wind, cold sea, high pressure in the mountains, mountain wind and humid tropics. Therefore, in the prevention of migraine manifestations, one should try to avoid those natural phenomena, which, according to the observation of the person himself, act negatively on him.
Eat regularly without skipping meals
It is important to remember that hunger can trigger a migraine attack. Also overeating. Migraines also contribute spicy diets for weight loss and trying.
Take preventive measures in advance to avoid migraines
Doctors recommend being proactive and trying to relax. To do this, eat or have a snack, drink sweet tea, coffee, brew a decoction of medical primrose or chamomile. If possible, lie down in a dark, quiet room, dim the lights, and rest.
For some people, relaxing head and neck massages and rubbing essential oils such as rosemary into the skin can help relieve migraine headaches. Essential oils help relieve daytime stress, relax and avoid the need for medication.
Avoid overexertion and stress
You should try to relax as soon as possible, in case of an emotional overstrain. Very useful for sports, easy physical exercise, walking on fresh air. For anyone suffering from migraines, yoga and meditation are recommended. It is also useful for people prone to migraines to observe the daily routine. Full is always much better than lounging in bed and not resting.
Avoidstrong and pungent odors
sharp and strong odors can not only irritate the olfactory organs, but also cause migraines. Therefore, in order to avoid migraines, it is better to avoid the smells of harsh perfumes, especially those based on musk. You should not completely abandon cosmetics, you should just choose fragrances with delicate floral notes. In the house, especially in the kitchen and in the bathroom, it is recommended to install modern hoods and ventilation units that purify the air. Do not use incense or scented candles.
It's all common list tips for migraine prevention. For himself, everyone suffering from this disease should make his own, based on changes in his well-being in certain situations.
Migraine attacks are not like ordinary cephalalgia. characteristic feature episodic manifestation of seizures with pulsation in the area of pain is considered. Their appearance is due to the presence of diseases or hereditary predisposition.
Types of migraine
If the disease appears several times over a certain period of time, then it is considered chronic. Therefore, there are types of migraine attacks. Migraines are distinguished by pain intensity, prevalence, etc.
with aura
Migraine with aura is accompanied by other neuralgic symptoms that manifest themselves before the attack or simultaneously with its onset:
- dizziness;
- nausea begins (with severe pain);
- flashes, lightning, fog before the eyes;
- duration (1 - 4 hours);
- unpleasant tactile sensations.
No aura
A migraine without an aura is throbbing and concentrated in a specific area of the head. Due to the similarity of character with cluster pains they are often confused. It can be of medium and high intensity, increasing during physical or mental stress, a responsible event.
Migraine attack without aura is the most common - 60-70% of all cases among patients.
Stages of disease development
The attack lasts from several minutes to several hours. Until the moment full release from pain, a clear picture of the development of the disease is visible. Seizures are preceded by prodrome in most cases:
- People experience mood changes, dislike for external stimuli, nausea, loss of appetite and other gastrointestinal problems.
- In the next stage, an aura appears that affects the vision, but may not appear.
- After that, migraine pains themselves appear, accompanied by nausea, irritability, and a decrease in efficiency.
- Completion of the attack is solved in different ways and depends on individual features organism. At the recovery stage, some feel overwhelmed, others experience a surge of strength.
Symptoms of the disease
The clinical picture of migraine is similar in patients, but there are also individual characteristics. Physicians identify a number the same symptoms, characteristic migraines:
- throbbing pain;
- temporality of the attack;
- localization of pain;
- irritability;
- weakness.
Provoking factors and causes
Migraines occur in people from 20-25 years old, although they can also occur in children. The manifestation of the disease is provoked by the following factors:
- stress;
- depression;
- physical and mental stress;
- irregular diet and lack of physical activity.
To prescribe treatment, it is necessary to determine the nature of the pain. After the doctor can give a diet, given the list and nausea.
Diagnostic Measures
Diagnose the cause of migraine unrelated to external factors, complicated. At the first stage, the diagnosis is made only on the anamnesis data.
If the prescribed does not help, resort to additional methods diagnosis, which happens in less than 10% of cases. Ultrasound, EEG, MRI give a clear picture of the state of the vessels of the brain and its tissues.
Prevention of migraine drugs
Treatment of migraine should not consist only in the relief of single syndromes. Even before the attacks, take care of their prevention. Methods include drugs for prevention and exercises that help.
Factors for Prevention
- Pay attention when drug prevention migraine on the psycho-emotional state. Frequent exposure to stress provokes not only headaches, all organs suffer from this.
- In diabetic patients, low blood sugar levels cause headaches, so keep an eye on it.
- Emotional overstrain, physical become the cause more often than others, in this case they resort to sedative drugs.
ibuprofen
Ibuprofen is one of the universal painkillers and anti-inflammatory drugs. It is used to relieve pain and lower the temperature. 
After taking the drug, the effect is noticed after 10 minutes. Ibuprofen blocks hormones causing an increase temperature, which brings pain.
Aspirin
Aspirin is used to get rid of migraine with aura, in this case its dosage is 900-1000 mg. It is also combined with antiemetic drugs. Complete relief from pain occurs after 4 hours after taking the pills.
Paracetamol
The use of paracetamol in a migraine attack is not justified because it has little efficacy against it. severe pain with a pronounced aura are not amenable to treatment with paracetamol. If the disease is chronic then stock up on a list of the best drugs.
Medicines for treatment
Medicines for the treatment and prevention of migraine attacks are prescribed if they occur in patients more than 5 times a month. The list of pills is formed by the doctor after identifying the exact cause of the pain.
It is best to undergo a combined course of treatment, which includes medication, diet, daily routine and gymnastics.
Beta blockers
Beta blockers are taken for the preventive treatment of migraine. They have been prescribed to patients for more than a quarter of a century, however healing mechanism the action of this group of drugs is not yet clear.
At bronchial asthma, diabetes and a number of other diseases, they are contraindicated. List of popular:
- atenolol;
- metoprolol;
- nadolol;
- propranolol;
- timolol.
Serotonin antagonists
Serotonin is one of the best known hormones to mankind. It is involved in many processes of the body, it is called the hormone of happiness. Antagonists stimulate the release of serotonin. 
Antagonist-containing drugs act as vasodilators. They are classified as anti-migraine drugs.
Triptans
Responsible for preventing pain and seizures. Medications block the manifestation of pain even at the level of receptors of the spinal nucleus trigeminal nerve. They are able to eliminate the aura: nausea, vomiting, light and sound fear.
Hormonal drugs
Against the backdrop of acceptance contraceptives and menstruation occurs in women frequent seizures. In the case of menstruation, the cause of migraine is not clear, but there are factors: vascular, endocrine, nervous.
According to statistics, birth control pills cause the first migraines and aggravate if they already exist.
Combined analgesics/antispasmodics
Combined tablets are used to treat and prevent migraine with aura, as they act immediately on a number of symptoms. The main component of such drugs is paracetamol. They have antipyretic and anti-inflammatory properties. 
Antiemetics
Nausea - unpleasant symptom seizures. It is aggravated each time by exposure to irritating odors, bright light, motion sickness in transport. So you want it sooner. Antiemetics soothe the gastric mucosa, reduce acidity. Should be taken with pain medication.
Antidepressants
Antidepressants are effective in the treatment and prevention of chronic migraine. Independent uncontrolled use will lead to disorders of the central nervous system and psyche. Consult with a specialist before use.
Known names for antidepressants for migraine treatment:
- doxepin;
- Amitriptyline;
- Amitriptyline (for migraine);
- Nortriptyline;
- Venlafaxine.
Preventive treatment with folk remedies
Prevention and treatment with folk remedies is also effective with proper selection of therapies. This method takes more time than drugs. From the extensive list of methods, you can choose any.
Herbal infusions and decoctions
Clover infusion is effective against headaches in general. Pour 1 tablespoon of inflorescences and insist for several hours, take 3 times a day.
Oregano relieves a migraine attack: a teaspoon is poured into 200 ml of boiling water, then insisted for no more than 10 minutes.
Teas
- Strong green tea normalizes the nervous system and dilates blood vessels.
- Lavender tea is soothing.
- Ginger tea with mint helps to cope not only with attacks, but also improves immunity.
Ointments for applying to whiskey
Menthol oil and menovazine in a small amount on the temples increases blood circulation and relieves pain. Lilac bud ointment is used for migraine and neuralgia: 1 tbsp. a spoonful of dried lilac buds need 4 tbsp. spoons of pork fat.
Homeopathy
It implies a thorough study of the individual characteristics of the body. Based on data on the patient's daily routine, previous diseases, behavior and surrounding factors, a prescription is prescribed. individual treatment. Therapy is aimed at addressing the problem causing the migraine.
Relieve migraine attacks at home
A migraine attack comes on unexpectedly and at the wrong time. It is not easy to cope with it if there are no medicines at hand. Several ways to help relieve and even get rid of seizures without pills.
Sea salt baths
Promote vasodilation. 15-20 minutes will help you calm down and relax, for best effect add a few drops of mint, grapefruit, lavender essential oils to the water. Baths are best avoided if there is a suspicion of a cold, flu, poisoning, varicose veins.
Massage
Effective for mild pain or initial stages. Pressure on certain points and massage movements will relieve symptoms:
- Starting from the eyebrows, move in a circular motion to the back of the head. The movements are light, without strong pressure. Maybe .
- Then work on the temples: rub the area just below the temples with 8-shaped movements.
- If the patient has cervical osteochondrosis, then muscle spasm is possible. To relieve pain, use small strokes vertically on the neck.
Compresses on the forehead
A cold compress constricts blood vessels and gradually. Can be put on the temples and eye area to enhance the effect. With severe attacks, this is one of the only ways to relieve pain and fall asleep.
Electrical stimulation of nerve endings
Carried out in a specialized medical institution. The method does not eliminate pain, but solves the cause of its occurrence by stimulating nerve endings with current. With the help of the procedure, a number of neuralgic problems are solved.
Cold and hot shower
The gradual change in water temperature from warm to moderately cold causes the vessels to constrict and expand, which trains them. The movement of the jet along the spine stimulates nerve endings. The procedure should be carried out gradually from the bottom up.
Applying mustard plasters
Mustard plasters stimulate blood circulation. Apply sheets either to the area of the shoulder girdle, or to calf muscles. After a warming compress, observe bed rest. 
Gymnastics
Gymnastic exercises prevent the onset of migraines. Daily exercise, regular cardio loads increase the endurance of the body. Vascular system less provoking migraine factors.
Yoga
Yoga classes calm the nervous system, restore a positive attitude. She belongs to one of the best means prevention, because in the classroom, patients find harmony with themselves.
- adhere to a low-fat and unsalted diet;
- walk outdoors as often as possible;
- avoid stress;
- give up bad habits (smoking, alcoholism);
- regular workouts.
(hemicrania) - chronic illness which doctors have been trying to understand for decades. Experts have long been inclined to believe that severe headache, nausea, sensitivity to sound, light have no clear cause. Today everything is different. It turned out that migraine attacks are most often caused by stress, caffeine, and even a lack of vitamins in the diet. Does this mean that migraine prevention is possible? Yes, it is possible to prevent an attack, both with the help of medications and through lifestyle changes.
Migraines can be avoided
Migraines cannot be cured, but they can be prevented. Preventive therapy reduces the frequency of attacks, reduces the intensity of pain. Preventive treatment is intended for patients who have 3 or more attacks per month, suffering from pain lasting for several days. When prescribing therapy, it is necessary to take into account the side effects of drugs. Rarely this method is recommended for women during pregnancy using hormonal contraception.
Indications for prescribing preventive treatment:
- high frequency of migraine attacks - more than 3 per month;
- Seizures are prolonged or unresponsive to acute treatment;
- contraindications or deficiency acute therapy, for example, in patients with difficult to control arterial hypertension, after a heart attack;
- significant side effects of acute treatment;
- a warning rare species migraine, for example, hemiplegic or basilar, diseases with prolonged aura, where there is an increased risk of irreversible neurological deficit.
The main goals of preventive treatment:
- reduction in the frequency, severity, duration of migraine attacks;
- improving response to acute treatment, reducing the dose of drugs used;
- improving the quality of life of patients with migraine.
When initiated preventive therapy important to strictly follow individual approach taking into account the wishes of the patient. Many people are so satisfied with the use of triptans during an attack that they prefer only acute treatment.
Triptans are drugs used to relieve acute migraine attacks. Available in the form of tablets, injections, nasal sprays.
Medical preventive therapy
Drug prevention of migraine (drugs) uses the following therapeutic groups of drugs: β-blockers, calcium channel blockers, antidepressants - TCAs and SSRIs, serotonin antagonists, antiepileptics, NSAIDs.
β-blockers
Propranolol, a non-selective β-blocker with a half-life of 4-6 hours, is the 1st choice in this group worldwide. Its efficacy compared to placebo has been demonstrated in several studies. Initial dose - 20 mg 2 times a day, may increase depending on tolerance and efficacy up to 240 mg / day.
In our country, Metoprolol is mainly used in a therapeutic dose of 100-200 mg / day. It starts with a low dose (2x50 mg), slowly increases depending on tolerance.
Calcium channel blockers (CCBs)
CCBs are drugs for the prevention and treatment of migraine that have the ability to block the release of serotonin, influence the mechanism of sterile neurovascular inflammation, and prevent the formation and spread of cortical depression. Flunarizine shows the greatest efficiency in this group. The drug is taken at a dose of 5-10 mg daily (1 mg 5 times a day). The increase to the full therapeutic dose is carried out gradually due to the risk of fatigue.
Sedation is the most common side effect medicinal product. Often there is an increase in appetite and, as a result, weight gain.
Other drugs in this group include Verapamil. Starting at 2x40mg per day, the dosage is increased depending on the effect and tolerance. Maximum daily intake equal to 240 mg. Side effects include hypotension, constipation, fluid retention in the body (edema). Verapamil is contraindicated in a number of diseases:
- serious violations of alveolar transmission;
- sinus node weakness syndrome (sick sinus syndrom);
- sinus bradycardia;
- heart failure;
- hypotension;
- aortic stenosis.
A good effect in the prevention of migraine shows the use of Cinnarizine (75 mg / day). Reception begins with a fairly low dose of 2-3x25 mg / day.
The effect of Nimodipine and Nifedipine in the prevention of migraine has not been reliably studied.
Antiepileptic drugs
Antiepileptic (another name - anticonvulsant) drugs play an indispensable role in the prevention of migraine attacks. These are the first choice drugs for migraine accompanied by epilepsy, bipolar disorder, anxiety, Raynaud's disease, diabetes.
Gabapentin has been shown in controlled trials to high efficiency. The recommended dosage is 600-1800 mg/day, with a higher dose (2400 mg/day) the prophylactic efficacy is significantly increased. High doses also used in case of drug-resistant migraine and daily headache. Undeniable advantage Gabapentin - low incidence of side effects. However, it should be started at a low dose and gradually increased according to tolerance and efficacy.
Topiramate demonstrated good results in 2 placebo-controlled studies. The recommended daily dose is 100 mg. Side effects of the drug include paresthesia, taste disturbance, loss of appetite followed by weight loss, memory impairment.
Topiramate and Gabapentin are the drugs most commonly used to prevent migraines and to suppress signs of illness in a child.
Antidepressants
Drug prevention of migraine from all groups of antidepressants includes only tricyclic antidepressants. The mechanism of action of these drugs is the inhibition of 5-HT2 receptors. The most commonly used medicine is Amitriptyline in the recommended daily dose 25-100 mg. Reception begins with 25 mg, the dosage is gradually increased.
Nortriptyline has less sedative effects, taken at 10-150 mg / day.
Both drugs also inhibit the uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin. Therapy and prevention of seizures with these drugs is recommended, in particular, in patients with comorbid depression, anxiety, sleep disorders, or other disease syndromes. The most common side effects include fatigue, drowsiness (should start at a low dose), dry mouth, increased appetite, weight gain.
Serotonin antagonists (5-HT2 receptor antagonists)
This is a group of previously popular prophylactic, which modern medicine rarely used. 5-HT2 receptor antagonists have anticholinergic and antiradikinin effects in addition to their direct effects on serotonin receptors and antihistamine properties. Some drugs also affect dopamine receptors. The best-known substance in this group is Pizotifen. This is a means for the prevention of migraine, the peak of which falls on the 60-70s of the XX century.
Pizotifen reduces platelet aggregation, inhibits the permeabilizing effect of serotonin, has an antihistamine, anticholinergic effect. The full therapeutic dose is 1500 mg / day (in 3 daily doses of 500 mg). The most common side effects are: drowsiness, decreased attention, a significant increase in appetite, and therefore an increase in body weight.
Cyproheptadine, due to its good tolerability, is used mainly in children. It is a sedative H1 antihistamine, an anticholinergic drug. In adults, it is used, in particular, for hormonal migraine in the daily prophylactic dose 4-8 mg.
Non-pharmacological preventive methods
In addition to medical approaches, migraine can be treated and prevented through lifestyle changes, physical therapy. The doctor, together with the patient, tries to identify provocative factors that can cause an attack - this helps to some extent provide for the onset of pain.
The most common factors are:
- lack or excess of sleep;
- hypoglycemia;
- excessive alcohol consumption;
- fatigue;
- stress;
- exhaustion;
- dehydration, etc.
These triggers can be influenced by a person. But there are incentives that cannot be eliminated. These include hormonal changes(appearance of attacks during menstruation), weather effects (especially rapid changes atmospheric pressure). If the patient knows his triggers, he can try to avoid them by reducing the frequency of migraine attacks.
Non-pharmacological methods of prevention include:
- acupuncture;
- relaxation;
- autogenic training;
- light exercise;
- yoga
- meditation;
- walk outdoors.
Homeopathy and folk methods
Folk remedies for prevention are, first of all, herbs that play an indispensable role in the fight against many ailments. Mint, chamomile, ginger, Baikal skullcap are recommended for migraine.
- Mint. To prevent and relieve headaches, mint can be used as a raw material for tea or essential oil(aromatherapy).
- Chamomile. In the absence of an allergy to chamomile, the plant is used in the form of a tea or bath.
- Ginger. The root is used as a tea.
- Baikal skullcap. This herb is not recommended for children under 6 years old, it has a mild analgesic effect, so it is suitable for less severe attacks.
Homeopathy suggests the following substances for migraine prevention:
- Bryonia;
- Gelsemium sempervirens;
- Nux vomica;
- Staphysagria;
- Kalium phosphoricum.
Application homeopathic remedies should be carried out under the supervision of a specialist. The drug is taken in a dilution of 15 CH.
Migraines are caused by stress, poor nutrition, heredity; the disease is often associated with the menstrual cycle, the use oral contraceptives. Frequent use painkillers reduces their effectiveness, can contribute to chronic headache, so it is important to prevent the development of this condition.
Avoid stress
Frequent migraine attacks indicate unsatisfactory mental health person. For effective prevention important to avoid stressful situations. If you cannot eliminate the factors, causing stress, you should change your attitude towards them so that certain situations affect your mental state as little as possible.
Lead a healthy lifestyle
An important role in the prevention of migraine is played by lifestyle changes, sufficient hydration of the body, and relaxation. With the manifestation of migraine precursors (for example, a violation visual perception), you can try to prevent further development seizure a large number fluids and adequate rest. Set aside work, close your eyes, relax. You need complete peace of mind, including turning off the TV, computer.
Eat Right
The conclusions of the last scientific research show that migraine is closely associated with vitamin deficiency, namely vitamins D, B6, B12. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to foods rich in them.
Vitamin D
In addition to getting rid of the suffering caused by severe headaches, vitamin D is important for the formation and strength of bone tissue, work thyroid gland, nervous system; it has a positive effect on blood clotting. The main source of vitamin D is Sun rays. After 10 minutes in the sun, the body will begin to produce it on its own. Vitamin D is also found in fish oil, milk, eggs, butter, avocado.
